分泌型磷脂酶PLA2G5的生物学功能及其抑制剂研究进展

分泌型磷脂酶PLA2G5属于磷脂酶A2超家族的一员,在免疫细胞和非免疫细胞中均有表达.研究表明,PLA2G5参与生物学事件的发生发展,在特定的病理条件下具有诱导作用.本文简要阐述了PLA2G5的来源、结构特征、生物学功能和在疾病中的作用,以及现有或潜在的PLA2G5抑制剂,以期探索基于PLA2G5的治疗新靶标.     

自发性高血压大鼠主动脉α_(1B)及α_(1D)肾上腺素受体第三细胞内环不存在点突变

我们以前的实验显示自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）离体主动脉磷酸肌醇蓄积在无激动剂存在的基础状态下就显著增高。根据G蛋白偶联受体固有活性假说，推测SHR主动脉中介导肌酸磷脂水解的主要受体－α1D和α1B-肾上腺素受体的第三细胞内环可能存在点突变。本实验通过PCR－SSCP鉴定，表明上述突变并不存在。从而提示SHR主动脉磷酸肌醇蓄积基础水平增加并非因α1D和α1B-肾上腺素受体第三细胞内环区域突变所引起的受体固有活性所致。     

建立以TK基因为标记将外源基因导入臭曲霉（Asper—gillus...

A new system for selection of transformed Aspergillus foetidus was reported. In this system, TK- A. foetidus which were constructed by homologous recombination of mutated TK gene of vaccinia virus with TK gene of A. foetidus were screened by adding BUdR in agar plates. Conditions for screen of TK+ A. foetidus strain, transformation of A. foetidus and selection of transformed TK- A. foetidus have been studied. By using this system, several transformed A. foetidus which contained HBsAg gene derived bf a promoter H8 cloned from genomic DNA of A. foetidus were isolated. It was demonstrated that HBsAg gene was integrated into the chromosome DNA of A. foetidus by Southern blot after many passages of spores. ELISA showed that HBsAg was positive in the growth medium (p/n = 20). The 22 nm particles which were very similar to the HBsAg particles in human serum were found in the growth medium by immunoelectromicroscope. Western blot also gave the specific bands. All these data showed that HBsAg gene was expressed in A. foetidus and the products were secreted into the growth medium. The selection system using TK gene as marker could generally be used to study the expression of foreign gene in A. foetidus.     

不同海拔地区种植的水稻次库碳水化合物含量的比较

在品种、土壤、底肥和追肥等一致的情况下,对三个不同海拔地区种植的水稻的次库(茎+叶鞘)中碳水化合物含量作了比较,结果表明:齐穗和黄熟期次库中总糖或淀粉含量均随海拔增高而增加。但在黄熟期,高海拔地区次库的总糖或淀粉含量比齐穗期的增加,而低海拔地区次库的总糖或淀粉含量则比齐穗期的降低。 齐穗期时,次库的淀粉含量随施用的氮素肥量的增加而降低。在黄熟期,温凉稻作区水稻次库的淀粉含量均随氮素底肥施用量的增加而增加,低熟地区水稻次库的淀粉含量则趋于一致,不过不同地区相比各处理次库的淀粉含量均因海拔增高而增加。 不同时期的氮素追肥使齐穗期次库淀粉含量因追肥时间推迟而增加,唯元江晚穗肥处理的低于中穗肥处理的。黄熟期因追肥时间提早而次库的淀粉含量增加,但元江以早穗肥处理的次库淀粉含量最低。与齐穗期相比时,低海拔地区的各个处理,其次库的淀粉含量均减低,但高海拔的昆明温凉稻作区,施早和中穗肥的水稻,在黄熟期次库的淀粉含量反而增高。还可以看出水稻种植地海拔越高,其次库淀粉含量对追肥时间越敏感。 基于水稻次库中淀粉含量对氮素肥料的反应,就三地气候条件讨论了上述的差异。     

高致病性禽流感H5N1疫苗研究获突破

近日，中国科学院上海巴斯德研究所周保罗研究组在高致病性禽流感H5N1疫苗研究中获重要突破，该研究组在世界上首次开发出能诱导出针对所有高致病性禽流感H5N1亚类和亚亚类广谱中和抗体反应的免疫原．同际期刊《病毒学杂志》日前在线发表了这一成果。     

中老缅边境蚊虫标本中Nam Dinh病毒的分离和鉴定

2012年在云南省南部中老缅边境地区采集的库蚊中分离到3株病毒(YN12039、YN12040、YN12060),该病毒只引起C6/36细胞发生病变。负染电镜观察病毒颗粒呈球形,直径60~80nm,有囊膜,表面有刺突。采用RTPCR方法对分离株的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase,RdRp)、HEL1(superfamily 1helicase)、S蛋白(spike protein)基因进行扩增,同源性分析显示3株云南新分离株与Nam Dinh病毒(NDiV)RdRp、HEL1、S蛋白氨基酸序列相似度最高,均为98%以上。系统进化分析结果表明,3株云南新分离株与NDiV的亲缘关系最近,处于同一进化分支。该研究结果丰富了NDiV病毒的信息,对NDiV病毒分子特征、分布区域和物种嗜性等特征提供了数据参考。     

基于城市微气候模拟软件的城市道路绿化带对PM2.5消减作用的研究

随着经济的快速发展及机动车保有量的持续增长，车辆造成的道路污染问题日益严重。广州作为中国重要的经济发展城市，交通源排放问题高度集中，机动车排放是城市PM2.5的主要来源之一，开展减缓城市道路污染危害的研究具有重要意义。本研究为调查绿化带对广州城市道路PM2.5的影响，运用实测与城市微气候模拟软件（ENVI-met）模拟结合的研究方法，实测并分析城市道路空间PM2.5的浓度分布及其影响因素，使用实测数据对模拟软件进行验证分析，模拟研究理想道路模型下不同高宽比、风向等因素及绿化带植配类型对PM2.5的消减作用。研究表明：（1）城市道路空间PM2.5浓度分布受污染源、街道高宽比、风速风向、绿化带等综合影响，自然消减情况下，其主要受风速风向和高宽比双因素影响；（2）通常街道高宽比越大，越有利于道路空间PM2.5的扩散；（3）城市道路空间PM2.5自然沉降最小距离为12 m，0-12 m范围内应保持无障碍物的开敞环境，PM2.5消减的关键范围是12-24 m，此范围内可以利用生态手段沉降颗粒物；（4） PM2.5消减率受绿化带和风向的双控制，应根据主导风向选择绿化带植配方式。在主导风平行面和垂直迎风面绿化带对PM2.5有正消减效应，建议植配类型为"乔-乔+灌+草"；在主导风垂直背风面绿化带对PM2.5呈负消减效应，植配类型为"乔-灌"绿化带消减率接近于自然消减率，而植配类型为"乔-灌+草"和"乔-乔+灌+草"的绿化带加重了颗粒物在该区域的积聚。     

High levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization on Medicago truncatula reduces plant suitability as a host for pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

This study sheds light on a poorly understood area in insect-plant-microbe interactions,focusing on aphid probing and feeding behavior on plants with varying levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungus root colonization.It investigates a commonly occurring interaction of three species:pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum,barrel medic Medicago truncatula,and the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis,examining whether aphid-feeding behavior changes when insects feed on plants at different levels of AM fungus colonization(42% and 84% root length colonized).Aphid probing and feeding behavior was monitored throughout 8 h of recording using the electrical penetration graph(EPG)technique,also,foliar nutrient content and plant growth were measured.Summarizing,aphids took longer to reach their 1st sustained phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants than on the 42% AM plants or on controls.Less aphids showed phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants relative to the 42% AM plants.Shoots of the 84% AM plants had higher percent carbon(43.7%)relative to controls(40.5%),and the 84% AM plants had reduced percent nitrogen(5.3%)relative to the 42% AM plants(6%).In conclusion,EPG and foliar nutrient data support the hypothesis that modifications in plant anatomy(e.g.,thicker leaves),and poor food quality(reduced nitrogen)in the 84% AM plants contribute to reduced aphid success in locating phloem and ultimately to differences in phloem sap ingestion.This work suggests that M.truncatula plants benefit from AM symbiosis not only because of increased nutrient uptake but also because of reduced susceptibility to aphids.